Question 5 Digital Rights and Responsibilities

Digital Rights and Responsibilities for Society, Business and Education:

Society:

In society Digital Citizenship can be defined as the norms of appropriate, responsible behaviour with regard to technology use.

Digital Commerce: electronic buying and selling goods.

Technology users need to understand that a large share of the market economy is being done electronically. Legal exchanges are occurring, but the buyer or seller needs to be aware of the issues connected with it.

Digital Access: full electronic participation in society.

Technology users need to be aware that not everyone has the same opportunities when it comes to technology. Working towards equal digital rights and supporting electronic access is the starting point of Digital citizenship.(www.digitalcitizenship.net)

Business:

Digital Communication: electronic exchange of information.

One of the significant changes within the digital revolution is a person’s ability to communicate with other people. In the 19^th century, forms of communication were limited. In the 21^st century, communication options have exploded to offer a wide variety of choices e.g., e-mail, cell phones, instant messaging).

Digital Literacy: process of teaching and learning about technology and the use of technology.

While schools have made great progress in the area of technology infusion, much remains to be done. A renewed focus must be made on what technologies must be taught as well as how it should be used. New technologies are finding their way into the work place that are not being used in schools

Education:

Digital Etiquette: electronic standards of conduct or procedure.

Technology users often see this area as one of the most pressing problems when dealing with Digital Citizenship. We recognize inappropriate behaviour when we see it, but before people use technology they do not learn digital etiquette (i.e., appropriate conduct).

Digital Law: electronic responsibility for actions and deeds.

Digital Law deals with the ethics of technology within a society. Unethical use manifests itself in the form of theft and/or crime. Ethical use manifests itself in the form of abiding by the laws of society. Users need to understand that stealing or causing damage to other people’s work, identity, or property online is a crime.

Question 4 Digital Etiquette

Digital Etiquette

Digital Etiquette, or netiquette as it is sometimes referred to, is a basic set of rules pertaining to behaviour that’s needs to be followed to ensure the Internet is better for all users.  Basically is means “the use of good manners in online communication such as email, forums, blogs, and social networking sites”. (Digital Citizenship, Aubrun University. [s.a.]).

The word ‘Etiquette’ means “The forums required by good breeding or prescribed by authority in social or official life.” There are ten points of netiquette: 

1)    Netiquette is important because when people communicate face-to-face, it is important to note that 55% of the communication is made up of body language, 38% is the tone of voice, with the remaining 7% being the actual words (Thompson, 2011).

2)    When communicating on a phone, people lose the body language component but the tone is still there to support the message.

3)    Communicating online, or in the written form, we lose 93% of the communication; the words become the sole medium of communication.

4)    People need to also be aware that the etiquette rules may differ somewhat depending on the context.

 5)    People’s language and approach will most certainly differ depending on the audience, environment and situation.

6)    People would not SMS a friend stating, “Further to our conversation, herewith the details for the gathering planned”, nor would we email out boss saying “Thks dude, catcha 18er at the party”.

7)    Netiquette is even more important when people consider the duration and the reach of the communication.

8)    A lack of netiquette can cause substantial problems in the workplace and schooling. Although there has been a reduction in poor netiquette, it is still an issue that has ramifications beyond socially acceptable norms.

9)    Any disregard for netiquette can break down with a single email, post or online comment.

10)     A brands reputation is everything, where a positive brand image can actually sway buying decisions.

Question 1.1 PowerPoint presentation

Question 1.3

Question 3 Digital Communication

The Social Economy: Unlocking value through social technologies

The benefits of social technologies for individuals are that they can use the internet to use for research reading material for any type of purpose for example; entertainment, leisure, research for school and tertiary studies. For corporate companies the benefits are that the companies can expand awareness of their products or services that they have produced and they can use social technologies to keep in contact with their suppliers or their customers. For communities the benefits are that people in communities can stay connected to each other. The risks of social technologies for individuals are that they can be subjected to personal social media account hacks, cyber-bulling and all kinds of cyber disadvantages. For corporate companies the risks are that the companies can fall victim to cyber-attacks, software hacking and Trojan Virus attacks. For communities the risks are that people could be subjected to false rumours about their personal life and about their relationships. 

Question 2.1 Digital Literacy

A trove of bones hidden deep within a South African cave represents a new species of human ancestor, scientists announced in the Journal eLife. Homo naledi, as they call it, appears very primitive in some respects; it had a tiny brain, for instance, and apelike shoulders for climbing, but in other ways it looks remarkably like modern humans. When did it live? Where does it fit in the human family tree? And how did its bones get into the deepest hidden chamber of the cave, could such a primitive creature have been disposing of its dead intentionally?

This story of one of the greatest fossil discoveries of the past half century, and what it might mean for our understanding of human evolution.

Chance favours the Slender Caver

Two years ago, a pair of recreational cavers entered a cave called Rising Star, some 30miles northwest of Johannesburg. Rising Star has been a popular draw for cavers since 1960s, and its channels and caverns is well mapped. Steven Tucker and Rick Hunter were hoping to find some less trodden passage. In the back of their minds was another mission. In the first half of the 20^th century, this region of South Africa produced so many fossils of our early ancestors that it later became known as the Cradle of Humankind. Through the famous days of fossil hunting there was long past, the cavers knew that a scientist in Johannesburg was looking for bones. The odds of happening upon something were remote. 

Question 1.2 Techno-ecnomic paradigm

During the 1900s people first lived through shift from the agricultural era to the industrial era. Nowadays, people are in the middle of the shift from the industrial era to the information era. The new era has several definitions based on different theories. At the same time, we talk about information society, network society, post-industrial society, service society, expert society, learning society, postmodern society, innovation society, risk society, and consumer society. These definitions reflect the different points of view of assessing the development people have been experiencing during the recent years. Each of these definitions emphasises different phenomena embedded in the change of present techno-economic paradigm, and each of them builds a basis for the assessment of the requirements of the changing environment. Although the definitions and theories describing the present change are mostly very abstract, some concrete indicators can be determined to describe the phase of the direction in the changing process of the society. The changed should be assessed at regional level, especially as regional dimension is gaining importance in the development policies at the European level. In the regional context the question to raise first is, how the shift of techno-economic paradigm appears in the regional level and what its effect is on emerging regional disparities. Secondly, it is possible to evaluate, how the region’s adaptability to the shift of techno-economic paradigm correlates to its economic success. The variables included in the adaptability indicator are derived from the theories describing the present society. They Finnish urban regions are used as the source of empirical data in this study.